Charlemagne the King of the Franks and Lombards

Charlemagne was also known as: Charles I, Charles the Great (in French, Charlemagne; in German, Karl der Grosse; in Latin, Carolus Magnus) Charlemagnes titles included: King of the Franks, King of the Lombards; also generally considered the first Holy Roman Emperor Charlemagne was noted for: Consolidating a large portion of Europe under his rule, promoting learning, and instituting innovative administrative concepts. Occupations: Military LeaderKing Emperor Places of Residence and Influence: EuropeFrance Important Dates: Born: April 2, c. 742Crowned Emperor: Dec. 25, 800Died: Jan. 28, 814 Quote Attributed to Charlemagne: To have another language is to possess a second soul. About Charlemagne: Charlemagne was the grandson of Charles Martel and the son of Pippin III. When Pippin died, the kingdom was divided between Charlemagne and his brother Carloman. King Charlemagne proved himself a capable leader from early on, but his brother was less so, and there was some friction between them until Carlomans death in 771. Once King, Charlemagne had sole rule of the government of Francia, he expanded his territory through conquest. He conquered the Lombards in northern Italy, acquired Bavaria, and campaigned in Spain and Hungary. Charlemagne used harsh measures in subduing the Saxons and virtually exterminating the Avars. Though he had essentially amassed an empire, he did not style himself emperor, but called himself the King of the Franks and Lombards. King Charlemagne was an able administrator, and he delegated authority over his conquered provinces to Frankish nobles. At the same time, he recognized the diverse ethnic groups he had brought together under his dominion, and allowed each to retain its own local laws. To ensure justice, Charlemagne had these laws set down in writing and strictly enforced. He also issued capitularies that applied to all citizens. Charlemagne kept an eye on events in his empire through the use of missi dominici, representatives who acted with his authority. Though never able to master reading and writing himself, Charlemagne was an enthusiastic patron of learning. He attracted noted scholars to his court, including Alcuin, who became his private tutor, and Einhard, who would be his biographer. Charlemagne reformed the palace school and set up monastic schools throughout the empire. The monasteries he sponsored preserved and copied ancient books. The flowering of learning under Charlemagnes patronage has come to be known as the Carolingian Renaissance. In 800, Charlemagne came to the aid of Pope Leo III, who had been attacked in the streets of Rome. He went to Rome to restore order and, after Leo purged himself of the charges against him, he was unexpectedly crowned emperor. Charlemagne wasnt pleased with this development, because it established the precedent of papal ascendancy over secular leadership, but though he still often referred to himself as a king he now also styled himself Emperor, as well. There is some disagreement as to whether or not Charlemagne was really the first Holy Roman Emperor. Although he did not use any title that directly translates as such, he did use the title imperator Romanum (emperor of Rome) and in some correspondence styled himself deo coronatus (Crowned by God), as per his coronation by the pope. This appears to be enough for most scholars to allow Charlemagnes hold on the title to stand, especially since Otto I, whose reign is generally considered to be the true beginning of the Holy Roman Empire, never used the title either. The territory Charlemagne governed is not considered the Holy Roman Empire but is instead named the Carolingian Empire after him. It would later form the basis of the territory scholars would call the Holy Roman Empire, although that term (in Latin, sacrum Romanum imperium) was also seldom in use during the Middle Ages, and never used at all until the mid-thirteenth century. All pedantry aside, Charlemagnes achievements stand among the most significant of the early Middle Ages, and although the empire he built would not long outlast his son Louis I, his consolidation of lands marked a watershed in the development of Europe. Charlemagne died in January, 814.

Slavery as the Cause of the American Civil War Essay

The American Civil War was the bloodiest military conflict in American history leaving over 500 thousand dead and over 300 thousand wounded (Roark 543-543). One might ask, what caused such internal tension within the most powerful nation in the world? During the nineteenth century, America was an infant nation, but toppling the entire world with its social, political, and economic innovations. In addition, immigrants were migrating from their native land to live the American dream (Roark 405-407). Meanwhile, hundreds of thousand African slaves were being traded in the domestic slave trade throughout the American south. Separated from their family, living in inhumane conditions, and working countless hours for days straight, the issue of†¦show more content†¦For instance, the Slave Trade Act of 1807 which prohibited the importation of slaves to America, but did not stop domestic slave trading. This picture of slavery did not upset many Northerners as Harriet Beecher Stoweâ₠¬â„¢s depiction (Roark 340-341). For the most part, the North took a laissez faire approach to slavery that it would figure itself out eventually. However, there was a population of people who wanted to end slavery at all cost and they were called abolitionist. Harriet Beecher Stowe was an abolitionist and she published one of the best books in American history, Uncle Tom’s Cabin, in 1852. The book detailed the poor treatment of slaves and the depicted their everyday life. This depiction enraged many Northerners who were unaware of the horrible treatment slaves endured daily. Stowe based her depiction off runaway slaves who ran to the North and told their story as a slave. Runaway slaves were another inevitable aspect of the Civil War (Roark 481,484-485). In response to slaves running north for freedom, the US Congress passed the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850, an extension of the Fugitive Slave Act of 1793, which granted owners the right to recapture their slaves and place them back in slavery. This was a controversial issue because slave owners could hire a bounty hunter to capture slaves, or in most instances, capture a free AfricanShow MoreRelated Slavery as the Cause of the American Civil War Essay example489 Words   |  2 PagesThe Civil War was caused by many several pressures, principles, and prejudices, fueled by sectional differences, and was finally set into motion by a most unlikely set of political events. From economic differences to political differences all the way up to cultural differences, the North and the South opposed each other. These tensions were further increased after the western expansion of the United States. By the early 1850’s a civil war was known to be likely coming soon. Economically, theRead MoreTo What Extent Was Slavery the Cause of the American Civil War?4178 Words   |  17 Pagesof the period 1763-1865, how far was the American Civil War caused by long term divisions over the issue of slavery? In his second inaugural address in March 1865, Abraham Lincoln looked back at the beginning of the Civil War four years earlier all knew, he said, that slavery was somehow the cause of the war. This essay will endeavour to discuss the role of long term divisions caused by the slavery debate in the eventual outbreak of the Civil War. In doing so this analysis will encompassRead MoreThe American Civil War Of 18611340 Words   |  6 Pages　　　　The American Civil War of 1861 to 1865 was a battle between the Union Party, led by Abraham Lincoln, and the Confederacy, led by Jefferson Davis and was described as ‘cruelty’ by one William Tecumseh Sherman. It can be argued whether slavery was the real root cause of the carnage that caused the loss of over 620,000 military personnel and a speculated 400,000 who were captured or deemed missing. The Unionist historian George Bancroft blamed slavery ‘the uprising of the irresistible spirit ofRead Mor eThe Causes Of The Civil War1409 Words   |  6 PagesThe causes of the Civil War were complex and have been controversial since the country began. Some causes include; states’ rights, economics, and slavery. The most recognizable and popular cause is slavery. The freeing of the slaves was an important moral issue at the time and one of the greatest causes of the civil war. It was only by carefully avoiding the moral issue involved in slavery that Northerners and Southerners could meet on any common ground. (Goldston, 79). The time came in which ourRead MoreSlavery And The Civil War958 Words   |  4 Pagesblood in slavery so that many parts of America could become prosperous and recognized in the world†, this is quote from Josephine Baker, one of America’s early prominent black performers. Slavery, which will be discussed in greater detail, affected Africans kidnapped from their homeland and brought to the Americas to be sold and forced to work in horrible, vi le, disgusting conditions. Slavery was also a great economic boosts for the United States due to cotton, however, overtime slavery began toRead MorePrimary Causes Of The Civil War820 Words   |  4 Pagesstandpoints on why the Civil War had been fought but the primary reason why the Civil War started over uncompromisable differences between free Southern states and pro-slavery Northern states and their controversy over government power and slave laws. Fought during April of 1861 to 1865, the Civil War had divided the country into a frenzy against each other. In fact, a devastating 620,000 soldiers had died from accident, combat, starvation and disease, the deadliest war in American history. To add toRead MoreSlavery Cause for Civil War1483 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿ SLAVERY (THE MAIN CAUSE OF THE AMERICAN CIVIL WAR) US History to 1877 – HIST101 American Military University, 26 April 2014 Many factors led to the occurrence of the American Civil War. The key issues were slavery, different political ideologies, right of the people, and economic reasons. However, the key reasons that lead to the Civil War was slavery. Slavery is touted as the main cause of the conflict between the states in the northern part and those in theRead More`` Apostles Of Disunion : Southern Secession Commissioners And The Cause Of The Civil War `` Essay1187 Words   |  5 PagesSecession Commissioners and the Causes of the Civil War,† Charles B. Dew analyzes the public letters and speeches of white, southern commissioners in order to prove that the Civil War was fought over slavery. By analyzing the public letters and speeches of the commissioners, Dew offers a compelling argument proving that slavery along with the ideology of white supremacy were primary causes of the Civil War. Dew is not only the Ephraim Williams Professor of American History at Williams College, butRead MoreCivil Wa r Causes1382 Words   |  6 Pages Causes of the Civil War John Brown’s Raid vs. Industrial Revolution John Brown’s Raid was a more influential cause to the civil war than the Industrial Revolution. The Industrial Revolution caused incompability between the North and the South. The North relied on wage laborers with the new machine age economy while the South relied heavily on slaves. So, the North did not need slaves for their economyRead MoreJames M. Mcpherson : An American Civil War Essay1397 Words   |  6 PagesJames M. McPherson: James McPherson was born on October 11th 1936, he is an American Civil War historian. He received the 1989 Pulitzer Prize for Battle Cry of Freedom, his most famous book. McPherson was the president of the American Historical Association in 2003, and is a member of the editorial board of Encyclopedia Britannica. In his early career McPherson wanted to leave a legacy as being known for the historian who focusses on more than one point. Through skillful narrative in a broad-ranging

The French Revolution New Political Ideas and Revolutions - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 9 Words: 2601 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2019/06/26 Category History Essay Level High school Tags: French Revolution Essay Did you like this example? The French Revolution was a necessary revolution that gave the people of France their independence and a new form of government that was much needed. Before the French revolution, France was going through the Renaissance, which sparked some causes for the French Revolution. The government before the revolution was very unequal to the people of France, which sparked the revolution. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The French Revolution: New Political Ideas and Revolutions" essay for you Create order One of the government issues to the people of France was the unequal Estate System. The Estate System represented three social orders of within French society: Estate-Clergy, Second Estate-Nobles, and Third Estate. The majority of the population of France was in the third estate and were forced to pay most of all of the taxes that came towards France. This being a problem was enhanced a ton when France’s debt came along because of participation in wars and the American Revolution. This lead to a massive debt which really angered the third estate. Also, this was when the Enlightenment was happening, a major part of the Renaissance. Many Philosophers wrote and spread many ideas of equality and voting rights. This further enhanced the movement of the third estate rebelling and causing the French Revolution to occur. The French Revolution was not just battling. There were several events leading up to the big battles and bigger events. The revolution took action when the National Assembly was formed. The starting events such as the Estates-General in May 1748 and the Storming of the Bastille caused the revolution to take action. Then the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen gained more support for the revolution by gaining the attention of the lower class which was the majority of France’s population. All of these smaller events lead to battles and war and played a major role in the revolution. The revolution permanently affected France in many ways such as social order and daily life. The French Revolution was most necessary for the people to fight for equality and justice. In the time period, 1750 to 1900s, the Industrial Revolution had started and spread rapidly. There were many new inventions such as the steam engine, cotton gin, and factories. As states industrialized over this time period, they expanded their existing overseas colonies in need for raw materials. At the beginning of the eighteenth century, there began an intense period of revolutions and rebellions over existing governments. One of these Revolutions was the French Revolution. The French Revolution had many causes leading up to this revolution such as France’s economic crisis and unfair taxes, Enlightenment ideas, and the Estate System. The French Revolution was necessary in order to help the people fight back to gain their equal rights, to create a new fair and just government, and so the people of France can live freely. Before the French revolution, the social structure of France was very noticeably unequal with its estate system. The estate system divided France’s society into three categories, First estate-Clergy, Second Estate-Nobles, and the Third Estate. The first estate owned an enormous amount of power-about a ruler’s amount of power, and they also owned a ton of land. The second estate didn’t own as much power, but enough to be in the high-class range, and they got all of the good paying jobs, like military and politicians. The third estate consisted of many subcategories and made up 98% of the French population. Some of those subcategories went from the bourgeois (highest) middle class,(middle) middle-class peasants, and (lowest) city workers. The sans-culottes however, (city workers) got the most work, were underpaid for it, and started to spread the unfairness of getting the most work and taxes.(The French Revolution 1789-1815, 2015) Now, the other two states had no t axes to pay and most of them lived the life of luxury and did not want anything to change. They didn’t want to change simply because of the fact that they are on top and do not have to go through any pain like the third estate is in right now. All of this inequality contributes to the fact that the France revolution needed to happen. These differences are gonna influence the French revolution in that it is showing clear separation of power with the unequal distribution of power. The Second Estate will soon want to be with the First estate, but not want to change the third estate because they do all of the work. This means that they want more power and land because of the greedy need but dont want the lower classes to change the state that theyre in right now. Now with their estate system at the state that it is currently at right now, (unequal) France will be going into economic debt and will need a way to pay it off. So just as essential knowledge, Europe is going through the Renaissance (rebirth) which will lead to a larger population; which created a greater demand for food and products. The discovery of new gold mines in Brazil had led to a general rise in prices throughout the West from about 1730, indicating a prosperous economic situation. However, from about 1770, this trend slackened, and economic crises, provoking alarm and revolts, became more frequent. (History SparkNotes, 2018) France was accompanying the 13 colonies with helping their American revolution. Which lead to Frances heavy military expenditures during the American Revolution, and were also involved in the Seven Years War; (Encyclopedia Britannica, 2018) resulted in a national debt of approximately four billion books in 1789. The country could not afford to meet i ts loan payments nor could it obtain more credit (History SparkNotes, 2018). When the French needed more money they started to tax the lower class, only the lower class they got 99% of the taxes. As if the lower class didn’t pay all the taxes but now they have to pay even more, and even Loui Xiv thought this was pretty unfair; so he decided to go to assemble the nobles which he called â€Å"The Assembly of Notables†. So Loui Xiv gathered the nobility and wanted to make a system in where they would have a nice balance in the taxation system, and it backfired on Loui. The nobility questioned their authority and they didn’t fix the government. All of this debt incoming towards France is a necessary cause for France because this just helped the Third Estate gain more rage. This supports why the French Revolution needed to happen because this inequality within the taxes and debt are all incoming towards the poor city workers. So with this economic debt at hand, with the lower class paying for it, and the nobles rebelling on Loui this just lead into the Enlightenment. So to start, the Enlightenment caused big changes in Europe, because of the philosophers ideas conveying throughout Europe. The Enlightenment was a development of thought, which led to increasing criticism of absolute monarchy and an interest in republican ideals. Philosophers like John Locke, Voltaire, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, where just of the few that really influenced ideas like liberty, freedom of slaves, no more monarchies and more. John Locke emphasized contributions to modern theories of limited, liberal government; â€Å"He argued that all of our ideas are ultimately derived from experience, and the knowledge of which we are capable is therefore severely limited in its scope and certainty.†( By Individual Philosopher John Locke, 2008). Also, Voltaire found inspiration in their ideals of a free and liberal society, along with freedom of religion and free commerce. (Julien Josset, 2008) Adam Smith as well believed in no slavery, wanted free religion and equal rights. Adam Smith devoted most of his time towards the economic ideas of the Enlightenment Era, as the idea of laissez-faire and the law of supply which created the basic concepts of modern economics. (Modern Economics) Jean-Jacques Rousseau strongly believed in the goodness of man and in basic human rights founded upon universal natural law; he also believed that both rulers and the citizens have natural human rights as well as obligations to each other which should be bound in a social contract. (Julien Josset, 2008) Basically saying that people should have a say in government. Even though some of these philosophers didn’t originate from France, this just supports how many philosophers ideas were getting spread and where affecting revolutions. The reason why this really helped make France go into the Revolution. These philosophers posed many different, and also similar ideas, influencing France’s population to really think about absolutism. This â€Å"development† of Enlightenment thought led to increasing criticism of the absolute monarchy, an interest in republican ideals, critiqued the monarchy and the Catholic Church and examined democratic forms of government. The revolution started to take action with the National and Legislative Assembly. On May 17, 1748, there was a meeting of the Estates General, where there was a dispute over the voting structure. The nobles of the Second Estate demanded the use of one vote per estate, which would effectively void any vote of the Third Estate and the Third Estate refused to participate (French Revolution, 2018). These actions were necessary because the people of France wanted to be equal and be treated fairly. The cahiers of all three social distinctions saw the need for reform to the judiciary, taxation, and the Catholic church as well as it’s administration. The parish priests agreed with the reforms of the taxes, but they wanted to keep their power as the Catholic church (Mcphee,2006). Then there was a rumor about an aristocratic conspiracy to overthrow the Third Estate, and on July 14th, the uprising stormed the Bastille, and massacred the workers and freed the prisoners (French Revolutio n, 2018). The take-over of the Bastille helped the National Assembly gain more support by â€Å"patriots† started to take over and revolt against local governments (Mcphee, 2006). The Storming of the Bastille was necessary because it was a way for the people of France to revolt against the government and gain more support for their fight for justice and equality. Shortly after, on August 4, the National Assembly, desiring to satisfy the peasants, abolished serfdom and old feudal privileges. The National Assembly codified this as The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen. As the revolution grew, Louis XVI allowed the National Assembly to grow and invited the clergy and nobles to join the National Assembly. In addition, King Louis XVI rejected the abolition of feudalism and The Declaration of the Rights of Man (French Revolution, 2018). This declaration was definitely necessary because the lower classes were no longer the lower classes, everyone was equal. T his gained support for the fight of equality and justice because it got the lower class involved which was the majority of the population. Eventually on October 21st, the National Assembly declared martial war. Over the next several months, the National Assembly passed a series of liberal reforms which proceeded to simplify France’s complex administrative system. The actions on the complex administrative system was necessary because it simplified the existing government and the people of Frances were making more progress to their fight for justice and equality. Frances On June 20th, 1790, the assembly officially abolished nobility. Louis and his family tried to escape to Paris but were caught and Louis was soon forced to accept the new Constitution of 1791 that provided for a limited monarchy (French Revolution, 2018). After King Louis was caught he was convicted of treason and was punished by execution. By King Louis being executed, it showed that the revolution was gaining in power and how powerful it was. In 1793, the Convention established the Committee of Public Safety which was a 12 man Committee that worked as the executive branch of the revolutionary government. Girondins and Montagnards were both included in this committee and in May, more moderate Girondins were purged from the Convention, and the more extreme Montagnards took control of the Convention and the Committee of Public Safety. Then the Montagnards used their power to identify their enemy in the revolution. The Committee of Public Safety was necessary because it united all the revolutionists together and progressed towards their goal of equality and justice. Under the direction of Maximilien Robespierre, the Committee of Public Safety executed tens of thousands of people by guillotine in the name of the revolution. At least 300,000 suspects were arrested, 17,000 were officially executed, and many died in prison or without trial (French Revolution, 2018). In addition, the Committee of Public Safety had to mobilize an entire society into a defensive position because they faced internal collapse and external defeat (Mcphee, 2006). The Committee of Public Safety was focused on increasing their size so they established a draft for all men between the ages of 18 and 25, which made the French army increase in size massively. Then the Convention abolished the Gregorian calendar which had Christian associations and replaced it with a more scientific calendar. In July 1794, the Convention overthrew Robespierre and put an end to the reign of terror which is known as the Thermidorian reaction (French Revolution, 2018). The Convention drew up a new constitution that established the French Directory which was governed by five directors and these five directors were chosen by a bicameral legislature divided into the Council of Five Hundred and an upper chamber of 250 ancients. In addition, the Directory was plagued by the same problems encountered by the Convention (French Revolution, 2018). Napoleon Bonaparte, a young republican artillery officer, who helped in the war overthrew the directory in a coup detat and in 1802, he appointed counsel for life and in 1804, he proclaimed himself emperor Napoleon I of France(Mcphee, 2006)(French Revolution, 2018). This war permanently affected France in many ways. For example, every France citizen was judged the same and taxed the same on wealth and more importantly land. Daily life was unchanged and women also remained unchanged with their rights before the revolution. A lot of lands was also changed due to the churchs loss of power, but farmers did benefit fro m this and were able to farm more(Mcphee, 2006). The French Revolution was a major turning point in French history in that it was a period where France was in a phase where it fixed itself. It was really necessary as those causation factors really pushed it to the point where it went to into phases during its Revolution. Phase One introduced the rage of the third estate, and how the first estate and second estate had to try to calm them down. However all of the problems were solved, and Phase three solidified it with a new constitution. With this new constitution, it established a new way of rule, a more equal way of rule, and with this new way of government or rule, it will establish a baseline for other societies to follow. When the Revolution ended, France was in a better state then it was than before and this is a great setup for current France. Sources: French Revolution. (2018). In World History: The Modern Era. Retrieved from https://worldhistory-abc-clio-xaaa.orc.scoolaid.net/Search/Display/309360 French Revolution. (2018). In Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica. Retrieved from https://school-eb-xaaa.orc.scoolaid.net/levels/high/article/French-Revolution/35357 MCPHEE, PETER. French Revolution. Europe 1789-1914: Encyclopedia of the Age of Industry and Empire, edited by John Merriman and Jay Winter, vol. 2, Charles Scribners Sons, 2006, pp. 884-899. World History in Context, https://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/CX3446900325/WHIC?u=smithtownsid=WHICxid=4b14996f. French Revolution (2018). Frances Financial Crisis: 1783–1788Event Outline. Retrieved from https://www.sparknotes.com/history/european/frenchrev/section1/ The-philosophy.com(2017) ENLIGHTENMENT PHILOSOPHERS LIST retrieved from https://www.the-philosophy.com/enlightenment-philosophers-list AP World History (2012-2013)Effects of the French Revolution Retrieved from https://apworldhistory2012-2013.weebly.com/effects-of-the-french-revolution.html

Essay on Gender Differences in Smiling - 1073 Words

Gender Differences in Smiling For many years, gender and gender role differences have been extremely popular topics of study in the psychological field. Everyone seems interested in knowing is there is any truth to the popularized statement and book title, Women are from Venus, Men are from Mars. Studies have found so many differences between men and women it leaves one wondering in what areas are men and women alike. One nonverbal signal that appears universal for men and women is smiling, but research shows that there are gender differences within that behavior. Kraut and Johnston (1999) define a smile as the major component of a facial display associated with and caused by feelings of happiness or joy.†¦show more content†¦They also found that non-smiling women were rated harsher and as more unfriendly that non-smiling men. The results support previous studies that suggest that women are socially expected to smile more than men and are viewed more unfavorably if they do not exhibit the behavior. Briton and Hall (1995) studied the differences between men and women and found that men are typically believed to be more aggressive, noisy and dominant whereas women are believed to be more gentle, emotional and sensitive to others needs. These perceptions are a ccompanied by expected nonverbal behavior. Men are expected to fold their arms, make occasional eye contact and dominate the conversation. Women are expected to touch, smile, lean forward and be more submissive during conversations. Most research studying gender differences in smiling have found similar results, that women smile more often during verbal interaction than men. Other studies indicate that this difference may occur because of the social expectations placed on men and women. The purpose of the present study was to investigate, using a naturalistic observation, if there are gender differences in smiling. Taking into consideration the results from previous studies done on this topic, I hypothesized that females will smile more often than men during verbal interaction. Method ParticipantsShow MoreRelatedMale And Female Dating Profile Essay1926 Words   |  8 Pagesresearch has demonstrated that there exists a connection between smiling and physical attractiveness. A smiling person was perceived as more intelligent and could create in the perceiver a warmer feeling than a nonsmiling person. This study evaluates whether smiling vs. not smiling and rater’s gender have an effect on attractiveness ratings of a male and a female dating profile. Furthermore, it predicts that there will be a main effect of smiling on the ratings of both, male and female dating profiles. MoreoverRead MoreEssay on The Representation of Men and Women in the Media863 Words   |  4 Pagessignifies that the woman cannot live without this perfume. This also could signify that she is weak or is nothing without the perfume. Being full of laughter and looking innocent signifies that this is stereotypically feminine in terms of gender. Another example is how the woman is represented standing sideways, wearing a white dress and is not standing straight. Her not standing straight signifies how weak and feeble she is. Not being able to stand straight signifies that the Read MoreCommunication Is The Key Component Of Social Behavior1697 Words   |  7 Pagesbehavior differs based on their sex, when in fact it is based more so on their gender. To start off, look at the difference between sex and gender: â€Å"Sex refers to the biological categories of female and male categories distinguished by genes, chromosomes, and hormones,† â€Å"Gender refers to the social categories of male and female (Helgeson, 2016, p. 3).† With that said, the differences in social behavior are due to a person’s gender, not sex. Social behavior pertains to numerous different areas, but one areaRead MoreMale And Female Or Man And Woman959 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction: Male and female or man and woman, are terms that are used to show different genders. Apart from the physical differences, each gender, according to our social definition, have different roles. Generally, men have the more masculine, more physical, roles, while women tend to do better in the nurturing, care taking, tasks. These roles have become norms that have been set by the society. It is expected of men to be working at all times, they are expected to be the bread winners, whileRead MoreGender and Sex Essay963 Words   |  4 PagesWhen considering gender and sex, a layman’s idea of these terms might be very different than a sociologist’s. There is an important distinction: sex, in terms of being â€Å"male† or â€Å"female,† is purely the physical biological characteristic differences – primarily anatomical differences. (There are also rare cases of â€Å"intersexual† individuals as outlined in the Navarro article, â€Å"When Gender Is n’t a Given†.) Gender, on the other hand, is an often misconstrued concept that is commonly mistaken as synonymousRead MoreThe Topic Of Mental Health Essay1607 Words   |  7 Pagesadvocacy organizations Bring Change 2 Mind and Mental Health Australia. The main goal of these PSAs is to spark a public discussion about mental health. Although both PSAs use the rhetorical appeal of mythos through their stereotypical portrayal of gender roles, Bring Change 2 Mind (BC2M) focuses on mental illness itself and primarily utilizes a pathos appeal whereas Mental Health Australia (MHA) highlights the individual as the initiator of the conversation and emphasizes a more logical appeal. BC2M’sRead MoreThe Representation Of Gender And Media978 Words   |  4 PagesNowadays the representation of gender in media has become very common. It is all about the representation of phenomenally rapid change: change’s in gender relation transformations in media technologies, regulatory frameworks, content ownership and theoretical revolutions in the approaches used to make sense of gender representations. Gender and media aims to freeze the frame, press the pause button, or hit the refresh key to construct that how media shows social stereotypes. There are many advertisementsRead MoreDiscussing Gender Differences Occur Among Preschool Children908 Words   |  4 Pages Taking the opportunity to observe preschoolers in a childcare setting will help identify whether gender differences occur among preschool children. More specifically, observing children in their natural environment will help determine whether or not boys play differently than girls. On October 7th, at the Child Development Lab’s playground while the children were having playtime at 11 o’clock in the morning, I had the chance to observe thirteen boys and sixteen girls aged 3-4 years old. After observingRead MoreThe Family Of The Jcpenney Advertisement A Happy Family978 Words   |  4 PagesIn the JCPenney advertisement a happy family of four sits on a clean living room floor embracing one another with hugs and smiles. There is fashionable furniture and decorations in the room, all of them in gender neutral colors. The family is well-dressed in soft blues and white. Every face in the ad is adorned with a tremendous smile. There is a caption in the upper-left corner that describes dad as cool and a best friend, bike fixer, swim coach, tent builder, and hug giver and rolled into oneRead MoreInfluence Of The Advertising Media On Gender And Representation Of Stereotypes1173 Words   |  5 PagesAbstract The advertising media often stereotypes gender roles either for added effects or for humor. Repeated use of these role-plays reinforces the public’s perception about how men and women should behave. This also shapes the expectations that society has towards them. The manipulation of these stereotypes by the media is an unconscious byproduct of the thinking of most men and women about what roles each gender should play. Deterministic theories emphasize that men and women evolve differently

Addressing Extreme Poverty - 750 Words

Addressing Extreme Poverty We entered the 21st Century with 6.6 billion people and our generation’s challenges become bigger, thus extreme poverty and global politics should be more seriously addressed in order to bring more equality and fairness in the world. Recently, the most debated issue regarding income inequality, concerns the approximate 1 billion people out of approximate 7.7 billion of today’s world population which live with almost one dollar a day. 70% of them live on the African continent and the rest are scattered between Asia and South America, according to Paul Collier in The Bottom Billion (2007). Together with Jeffrey D. Sachs, the director of the Earth Institute at Columbia University, they analyze the reasons of this major poverty and try to bring remedies to it. In the beginning of his book, The End of Poverty (2005), Sachs announces a sad truth: â€Å"†¦more than eight million people around the world die each year because they are too poor to stay alive.† (p. 1), and makes a major appeal to our generations’ consciousness to take actions and stop this drift, which he believes it’s possible in our lifetime, more precisely, by 2025. His statement is sustained by a research he has done along the years looking at humanity’s economical and political progress in the past two hundred years that followed the Industrial Revolution, which started in Great Britain. By looking back in history, he says, we can understand how humanity managed to growShow MoreRelatedMicrofinance and MicroFranchises: A Solution to Poverty1129 Words   |  5 Pagesto a day of possibilities, but for those in extreme poverty daybreak brings only anxiety and despair as they try to survive on little to nothing. Over one billion people are currently living in extreme poverty, unable to fathom a future free from hunger, disease and oppression. Extreme poverty, defined as living on $1.25 a day or less, traps generations into an arduous existence with few opp ortunities to escape. Helping to eliminate extreme poverty means first understanding that it is possibleRead MoreWi Fi For Education And Information Systems3334 Words   |  14 Pagesfor education†¦Ã¢â‚¬  This is an important factor because people living in these rural communities would not be able to afford Wi-Fi when offered if it was not at an affordable rate. This is because most people living in these communities live a life of poverty and simply cannot afford to pay substantial amounts for Internet access. There also seems to be a few choices in setting up a Wi-Fi infrastructure in developing nations, including a solar powered communications station. â€Å"Costs range from $500 perRead MoreHuman Rights And Social Equity757 Words   |  4 Pagespopulations were not considered (UN Human Rights, Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights [OHCHR], 2015). For example, while some countries were able to achieve the MDGs, in many countries, particularly poor ones, indi viduals remain in extreme poverty. Therefore, as the MDGs did not focus on reaching the most vulnerable and excluded populations, one of the five big proposed transformative shifts within the post-2015 development agenda is leave no one behind (UN, 2013). One aspect of humanRead MoreHiv / Aids And Aids1600 Words   |  7 Pagescountries around the world are all at risk of HIV/AIDS infection through the migration of people to their region. HIV/AIDS is a much more prominent health concern characterizing sub Saharan Africa because of the treatment of women in society, extreme poverty resulting in the lack of education for people and access to basic needs, and government inaction to address the HIV/AIDS epidemic. The experiences that individuals encounter when it comes to HIV/AIDS may be a type of social determinant forRead MoreHiv / Aids And Aids1474 Words   |  6 Pagesworld are all susceptible to having a heightened risk of HIV/AIDS infections spread to their regions through the migration of people. HIV/AIDS is a health concern characterizing sub Saharan Africa because of the treatment of women in society, extreme poverty resulting in the lack of education for people and access to basic needs, and government inaction to address the concern with the HIV/AIDS epidemic. The experiences individual’s encounter when it comes to HIV/AIDS can be a type of social determinantsRead MorePoverty Affects Quality Of Life, Well Being, And Health1255 Words   |  6 PagesPoverty negatively impacts quality of life, well-being, and health. In 2015, it was estimated that 21.6% of the Philippine population was in poverty (Philippine Statistics Authority, 2016). 8.1% were facing extreme poverty and were below the minimum income required to meet basic food needs (Philippine Statistics Authority, 2016). Most of the poor in the Philippines live in rural areas and work in the agriculture sector, mainly farming and fishing (Dy-Liacco, 2014). The poorest families often haveRead MoreObjectives Of The Millennium Development Goals1478 Words   |  6 Pageswhich design for addressing extreme poverty in many dimensions. The Millennium development Goals has drawn attention to 191 countries with eight international development goals in order to cutting the amount of extr eme poverty worldwide in half within a set of time on 2015. The MDGs contain the goals of extreme poverty in income, education, gender equality, hunger, disease and environmental sustainability. The eight goals are focus on different section the eradicate extreme poverty and hunger, achieveRead MoreCommunity Hazard Assessment : Paso Del Norte1643 Words   |  7 Pages Community Hazard Assessment: Paso del Norte Trista R. Eckert FSC 147 Fall 2016 September 18, 2016 Community Hazard Assessment: Paso del Norte Emergency preparedness starts with addressing a community’s specifics needs and identifying its demographics and characteristics. After enough data has been collected and analyzed, developing partnerships, creating and implementing strategies, and evaluating outcomes comprise the process of the Community Hazard Assessment. The regionRead MoreBowles and Gintis Education and Inequality Essay965 Words   |  4 Pagesjustice is evident in the total functioning of U.S. education.† Through much research of educational history, the authors determined that the founders of the modern U.S. school system understood that the capitalist economy produces great extremes of wealth and poverty, of social elevation and degradation. Bowles and Gintis did plenty of research and went as far back to the late 1700s. They talk about how the wealthy have unfair advantages while disturbing the aspirations and needs of the working peopleRead MoreChildren Of Poverty And Poverty1722 Words   |  7 Pages Children Living in Poverty Andrea Guzmà ¡n California State University, Fullerton I. NEEDS STATEMENT Children who live in extreme poverty or who live below the poverty line for multiple years appear, all other things being equal, to suffer the worst outcomes Income poverty is the condition of not having enough income to meet basic needs for food, clothing, and shelter. Because children are dependent on others, they enter or avoid poverty by virtue of their family s economic circumstances. Children

Direct

Direct-Mail Advertising Essay Direct-Mail AdvertisingAdvertising may be described as the science of arresting the human intelligence long enough to get money from it. Stephen Leacock Philosopher extraordinaire Really good direct mail works like picking your prospect up by the ankles and shaking him until all the money falls out of his pockets. Matthew Samp Direct Mail Copy Graphic DesignAs consumers, we are often bombarded by different types of advertisements each day. Whether it’s by television, newspaper, or billboards, advertising has reached us one way or another. Yet, a majority of the ads that we encounter are often meaningless and uninteresting mainly because of the fact that these ads are meant to reach a certain target audience. This perception seems to change, however, when we look inside our mailboxes, pick-up our telephone, and even check our e-mail. We often ponder how marketers know that we have a pet snake, own a certain kind of computer, or even wear 70’s clothing. That is because e very time we purchase products such as: electronics, computer software, and other products, direct-mail advertising is in the air. Every time we send those warranties and registration forms back to the manufacturer; as consumers we are often unaware that we are sending information about ourselves that will be used as; statistical, personal, and informative data for future marketing purposes. Thus, marketers and advertisers know what kinds of products to target us with. Although direct-mail, or as we call it â€Å"junk-mail†, somehow finds its way to our homes and businesses, it can be considered as a convenient way for us to shop without having to leave the house, since as consumers, we are often pressed for time. In order to understand direct-mail advertising, we will be discussing this unique medium in a broad spectrum of subjects and then give an example of a company that successfully used direct mail advertising. Among the subjects we will be discussing are: what direct-mail advertising is, the historical development of the medium, different methods and types of mail, the future of direct-mail advertising, and the internet’s use of the medium for visual communication. Direct MailDirect-mail advertising is a form of medium used by direct marketers; it is the most personal and selective of all media. This highly specialized mail can be purchased (among the thousands available are lists of various level students, business professiona ls, college professors, pregnant women, and even vintage car owners), but they can be expensive. Printing and postage fees make the cost of direct mail per person reached quite high compared with other forms of media. However, if direct mail goes only to the people the advertiser wishes to contact, there is no wasted coverage. Reaching the prospect does not, however, ensure that the message is received. Direct mail is pure advertising. Therefore, a direct-mail ad must attract its own readers. This is critical when you consider that the average American home receives more than 10 direct mail pieces a week and that the recipient of such ads decide in few seconds whether to discard or open it. Historical DevelopmentDuring the 1950’s and early 1960’s, computers emerged to be common business tools. Marketers were able to collect, store, and manipulate larger amounts of data to aid marketing decision makers. Out of this capability developed the marketing information system ( MkIS)- an ongoing, organized procedure to generate, analyze, disseminate, store, and retrieve information for use in making marketing decisions. Another useful tool that developed for marketers is the decision support system (DSS). This particular system is a computerized procedure that permits the marketing manager to interact with data and use various methods of analysis to incorporate, examine, and characterize information. This computer-based procedure adds acceleration and versatility to the MkIS. These useful computer-based systems are then organized, stored, and updated in what is known as a database. This is perhaps the nucleus for all direct-marketers, because it has allowed them to narrow their specific target market by identifying the market’s special interests, buying behavior, and purchasing power. .u88f7973a28e41c82ee0f8554828a9f35 , .u88f7973a28e41c82ee0f8554828a9f35 .postImageUrl , .u88f7973a28e41c82ee0f8554828a9f35 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u88f7973a28e41c82ee0f8554828a9f35 , .u88f7973a28e41c82ee0f8554828a9f35:hover , .u88f7973a28e41c82ee0f8554828a9f35:visited , .u88f7973a28e41c82ee0f8554828a9f35:active { border:0!important; } .u88f7973a28e41c82ee0f8554828a9f35 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u88f7973a28e41c82ee0f8554828a9f35 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u88f7973a28e41c82ee0f8554828a9f35:active , .u88f7973a28e41c82ee0f8554828a9f35:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u88f7973a28e41c82ee0f8554828a9f35 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u88f7973a28e41c82ee0f8554828a9f35 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u88f7973a28e41c82ee0f8554828a9f35 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u88f7973a28e41c82ee0f8554828a9f35 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u88f7973a28e41c82ee0f8554828a9f35:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u88f7973a28e41c82ee0f8554828a9f35 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u88f7973a28e41c82ee0f8554828a9f35 .u88f7973a28e41c82ee0f8554828a9f35-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u88f7973a28e41c82ee0f8554828a9f35:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Alexander The Great Arriving In Persepolis EssayWith the developments of these three interrelated computer-strategically systems, direct mail then emerged to be one of the many tools that direct-marketers conveniently use to target their markets. Growth of Direct MailDirect mail is successful because it matches today’s lifestyles; families

Prostitution the uncontrolalble Vise misc Essay Example For Students

Prostitution the uncontrolalble Vise misc Essay There are women who search for love, and there are those that search for money. Today, the term woman simply denotes ones sex. It does not define her character, morals and values, or even her profession. However, this was not always the case. At the end of the nineteenth century and beginning of the twentieth century, during the Progressive Era, there was a drive for reform. Various social problems became targets for investigation and intervention: child labour, juvenile delinquency, corruption in city government and police departments, and prostitution. These things were newly discovered social problems; the only differences during this period were the new assumptions, strategies, and expectations of a broad organization of activists. Progressive reform actively decided to take more of a role in regulating the social welfare of its citizens, and those private and public spheres of activity could not be disentangled. Prostitution was an issue that underscored the relationship between home life and street life, wages of sin and low wages of women workers, double sexual standards and transmission of venereal disease. The late nineteenth century response to prostitution revealed the competing ideologies within Progressive reform activity over social justice and social control. Most attempts to deal with prostitution have consisted almost exclusively of more or less vigorous attempts to suppress it altogether by forcing the closing of brothels, and by increased police activities against individual prostitutes and against those individual places, such as taverns, where prostitutes frequently solicit. This paper seeks to prove that the reformers were unable to stamp out prostitution during the end of the nineteenth century and the beginning of the twentieth century for a variety of factors. First, I will look at why women in the late nineteenth, and early twentieth century became prostitutes. The gender differences between sex roles will be analyzed in relation to prostitution. Finally, the various failed attempts to abolish prostitution will be discussed. Legally prostitution is often defined as the hiring out of the body for sexual intercourse. Some say that the exchange of money does not need to take place. Albert Ellis, one well-known sexologist and author would define prostitution as, A woman or a man engaging in sexual relations for non-sexual and non-amotive considerations. This definition would therefore include girls who trade their sexual favors for food, entertainment or other gifts. Each individual may have different views as to what a prostitute is or how they feel about them. During the late nineteenth century and early twentieth century reformers, for example, wanted to eradicate prostitution. It was looked at as the cause of all evil and poverty, among other things. But, it was over the place, girls supplying their bodies for the males high compulsion to satisfy their sexual desires. Canadas industrial development equipped many women with outlet for their skills and energies in addition to the home and other work places. With all the improvements in transportation and communications, growth of the cities is the availability of new consumer goods provided in an age of national growth. However, with all of this came economic and social tensions. Most Canadians were concerned with the presence of certain ethnic groups, poverty in the cities and an increasing crime rate. With this new found awareness of social problems, came the belief that by identifying and classifying problems the nature of the world could be reformed to insure a moral, civilized society. There are many reasons why one would choose upon a career of prostitution. They range from quick money to language barriers (most girls were foreign born or their parents were foreign born), from curiosity to alcoholism. Most prostitutes are believed to have started at a young age and despite much talk about white slavery, no cases were ever found of a women unwillingly detained in a brothel. Up until about mid way through the twentieth century a large percentage of all the women engaged in prostitution were professional prostitutes, registered or widely known to be such, and often working in brothels. A the 1916s Unemployment Commission had observed, working girls seemed to be unable to stick out jobs for more than a few months, and many were so frivolous and irresponsible that they were justifiably dismissed. .